Family Violence And The Family - 1082 Words

Family Violence The definition of family violence is when someone uses abusive behavior to control or harm a member of their family, or someone with whom they have an intimate relationship. Family violence includes a single act of violence, or a number of acts that form a pattern of abuse. Family violence can have serious-and sometimes fatal-consequences for victims and for those who see or hear the violence. So, in a family, each of family member should be an important role for others. Violence behaviors of family members will bring many bad effects to other people. According to Reyes, H. Luz McNaughton, et al, â€Å"Theory and empirical evidence suggest that youth who are exposed to family violence are at increased risk for involvement in dating aggression (DA) during adolescence and young adulthood (Reyes, H. Luz McNaughton, et al., 2015).† It will hurt them and affect them to be violence as well. And those people who are affected by violence behaviors from their family members also react violently to other people around them. Males’ aggressive behaviors will affect badly to females in a family. In a common situation, some men usually treat women with aggressive actions and it will bring big psychological problem to women in a family. Mahesh Puri, Geetanjali Misra, and Sarah Hawkes (2015) has written a report about women in Nepal, â€Å"Through they were doing experiment and surveys, they reported that 57.7% of women reported they had ever experienced violence, including emotionalShow MoreRelatedFamily Violence During Military Families Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Violence in military families Family violence, including both child maltreatment and spouse abuse, is a public health concern in both military and civilian populations. Physical abuse represents more than 90% of all substantiated cases of spouse abuse in military families, followed by emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse (Tasso, Whitmarsh, Ordway, 2016). There is 4 types of intimate violence (1) patriarchal/intimate terrorism, (2) violence resistance, (3) common/situational coupleRead MoreFamily Violence And Domestic Violence1405 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Family violence, also known as domestic violence is the disorderly conduct by a person to another person, a family, or a family’s property. It is violence between family members and between people in domestic or intimate relationships. Generally family violence behavior is predicted to be as physical abuse, however there are a wide range of behaviors involved. These behaviors include, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, economical abuse, emotional abuse, social abuse, and spiritualRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Family Violence1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe bonds that exist between family members are to make you feel the safest and most secure. Unlike other forms of relationships the bonds between family members already exists though it could be easily impacted and broken. When looking at violence in families one wonders that, what could possibly cause violence to occur amongst the most secure relationships such as family? Family violence is any type of abuse wheth er it is in a form of physical or emotional abuse. It could be a simple mistreatmentRead MoreFamily Violence : A Problem1291 Words   |  6 PagesHannah Wyatt Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors 6 April 2017 Family Violence A problem that occurs in many homes, though some do not see it, is abuse. Whether it be from a parent, spouse, brother or sister, it is a very real thing that can sometimes go unnoticed. Handling a situation, such as this, is harder to do when one does do not know exactly what it is or when it is occurring. Even though people do not see or hear about it, people should be educated on it and learn how to stop it because it affectsRead MoreFamily Violence Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesRISK MARKERS FOR FAMILY VIOLENCE IN A FEDERALLY INCARCERATED POPULATION 1. What is the general in the particular with regards to abuse in this article? The article shows statistically that if you are male and have been a victim of violence or family violence you have a higher risk of becoming an abuser compared to someone who has not been victimized. And those family violence victims have a higher incidence of developing mental health issues and personality disorders, abuse drugs or alcoholRead MoreFamily Violence Essay6096 Words   |  25 PagesFamily violence is not a new phenomenon, as it has essentially existed since the beginning of time. Only in modern times, however have societies begun to recognize violence and family members as a social problem (Barnett, Miller-Perrin Perrin, 2005). For many years, the social problem of family violence had not only been heavily ignored, but for a number of years, had not been fully understood. For example, family violence takes many forms and has a number of different names. Family violence, alsoRead MoreT he Health Consequences Of Family Violence1360 Words   |  6 PagesThe name of the article I chose is named Family Violence Heath Consequences Among Married Women by Olufemi Kalesanwo and Emmanuel Adenuga. This research article studies exactly the description of the title, the health consequences of family violence among married women. The specific population that was used for this study was married women in Ogun State. Ogun State is located in south-western Nigeria with a population of 3,728, 098 (Kalesanwo Adenuga). A descriptive research design was used inRead MoreWalk A Thon : Family Violence843 Words   |  4 PagesWALK-A-THON: FAMILY VIOLENCE Question 1 The contribution that the Walk-A-Thon event makes to families and the larger communities is bringing awareness to an individual issue and in this case its family violence. A Walk-A-Thon purpose is for people to come out and support a cause. People support the Walk-A-Thon by participating in the walk and also donating money to the cause. For example, the Family Violence Walk-A-Thon charged $20 to attend, and all the money goes to supporting housing for the womanRead MoreFamily Violence And Sexual Action Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pages In ethology area, family violence can be classified into four types: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and economical abuse. Physical abuse is batter that harm body directly, involving contact cause pain, injury, and other physical suffering. Physical violence is identified as the worst behavior of other abusive behavior, such as threats and limitations of victims self-determination through isolation, manipulation and other restriction of personal freedom. Physical abuse is the mostRead MoreThe Complexities of Family and Interpersonal Violence1413 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatest challenges for both law enforcement and social welfare agencies is trying to understand the complexities of family and interpersonal violence. The issue becomes even more challenging in settings where poverty prevails, since it is often the case that agencies try extra vigilantly to address significant criminality in these areas. Anytowns departmental intervention policy on removing children from a home where there are active incidents of abuse is an effort to essentially impose

Tommy Davis And The Baseball - 1238 Words

For a two year span in the early 1960s, Tommy Davis was probably the best hitter in baseball. His 1962 season was one in which Tommy Davis set Dodger records that still stand. Tommy Davis had 153 runs batted in that magical campaign, the most in the National League in 25 years. It would be 34 more years before anyone in baseball would duplicate reaching the 150 RBI plateau attained by Tommy Davis in 1962. But despite his great success at an early age, Tommy Davis wound up playing with ten teams in eighteen years. Tommy Davis was a high school teammate of a future Basketball Hall of Famer, Lenny Wilkins, and the six-foot two Davis could have had a career in that sport. A standout in baseball in high school, Tommy Davis was convinced by none other than Jackie Robinson to sign with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1956. Tommy Davis was born and lived in Brooklyn, but before he ever made the big club the Dodgers had moved west to Los Angeles. Tommy Davis won the batting titles of the Midwest and Pacific Coast Leagues on his way up the minor league ladder. He debuted with the Dodgers in 1959 in a one game stint as a pinch-hitter. The next season, his rookie year, Tommy Davis hit .276 in 110 games; two years later he would enjoy that monster 1962 season. In 1962, Tommy Davis compiled 230 hits, still the Dodger mark for a right-handed batter. He won the first of two consecutive batting titles with his .346 average; Tommy Davis would win it again by batting .326 in 1963. Only Mike PiazzaShow MoreRelatedThe Performance Of The Houston Astros Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Houston Astros have been making deals to improve their team, and avoid another collapse like the one they had last season. Their bullpen could not finish the year strong after being one of the best in baseball throughout the season. The bullpen, also, collapsed in game four of the ALCS against the eventual champions. The Royals could not hit Lance McCullers, but once he was removed with one out in the seve nth inning, Kansas City s offense got it going. 1. Astros big trade The biggest moveRead MoreHitting a Baseball: Is It the Hardest Thing to Do in All of Sports?1520 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever wondered how baseball players are able to crush 400 foot homeruns? It takes years and years to perfect a baseball swing to be able to do that. Swinging a bat and hitting a baseball is a lot more difficult than most people think. The pros make it look so easy because they have to perfect many mechanics just to hit a ball hard on the sweet spot of the bat. â€Å"Hitting is the single most difficult thing to do in sport.† this coming from Ted Williams, one of the greatest hitters of all timeRead MoreJack Johnson2001 Words   |  9 PagesBy the end of 1903, the newspapers were calling on Jim Jeffries to fight Johnson for the heavyweight title. Still, Jeffries refused to fight black fighters. In 1905, Jeffries retired after never having fought Jackson. The new champion would be Tommy Burns. As Johnson began chasing Burns around the country for a fight, he began dating yet another white woman named Hattie McClay. He was warned by his manager to be more tactful, but he refused. Over a ten year period, almost 850 blacks were lynchedRead MoreFrank Sinatra was One of the Worlds Greatest Entertainers Essay example2463 Words   |  10 Pagesand he won. Frank was also baptized on St Francis on April 2 1916 was given a name from his godfather Frank Garrick who was well-known associated with the Irish News Paperman,his godfather was Marty’s close Friends and was also part of the Amateur baseball club along with his Teammates. Around three years old his mother Dolly was working as chocolate dipper covering up candles along designing them with letters like V for Vanilla and M for Maple. Recalling the time when frank watched Dolly stuck herRead MoreSports17369 Words   |  70 PagesLondon: Routledge. Instructor’s Manual 9 Sandvoss, Cornel. 2003. A game of two halves: Football fandom, television and globalisation. London: Routledge. Szymanski, Stefan and Andrew Zimbalist. (2005). National pastime: How Americans play baseball and the rest of the world plays soccer. Brookings Institution Press. Tomlinson, Alan and Christopher Young (Eds.) (2006). National identity and global sports events. Albany: State University of New York Press. Van Bottenburg, Maarten and BeverleyRead MoreSports17363 Words   |  70 Pagesculture. London: Routledge. Instructor’s Manual 9 Sandvoss, Cornel. 2003. A game of two halves: Football fandom, television and globalisation. London: Routledge. Szymanski, Stefan and Andrew Zimbalist. (2005). National pastime: How Americans play baseball and the rest of the world plays soccer. Brookings Institution Press. Tomlinson, Alan and Christopher Young (Eds.) (2006). National identity and global sports events. Albany: State University of New York Press. Van Bottenburg, Maarten and BeverleyRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pageslabor relations and collective bargaining. How External Influences Affect HRM 39 Exhibit 2-4 Year Enacted 1866 1931 1935 1938 1947 1959 1963 1964 1967 1970 1974 1974 1976 1978 1986 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 Legislation Civil Rights Act Davis-Bacon Act Wagner Act Fair Labor Standards Act Taft-Hartley Act Landrum-Griffin Act Equal Pay Act Civil Rights Act Age Discrimination in Employment Act Occupational Safety and Health Act Privacy Act Employee Retirement Income and Security Act HealthRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesIn many situations, the best thinking requires taking shortcuts--making quick guesses or relying on a trusted friend to make the decision for you. Logical reasoners need to be flexible thinkers. For example, in a situation where youre playing baseball and a friend yells Duck! it is illogical to spend much time searching around for good reasons. The logical thing to do is to duck down immediately. Nevertheless, even in this situation you didnt duck without a good reason. You know from previousRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageshas 50 questions. Here are a few examples: ââ€"  ââ€"  When rope is selling at $0.10 a foot, how many feet can you buy for $0.60? Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final one: 1. True. 2. False. 3. Not certain. a. The boy plays baseball. b. All baseball players wear hats. c. The boy wears a hat. The Wonderlic measures both speed (almost nobody has time to answer every question) and power (questions get harder as you go along), so the Ability 55 average score is pretty low—about

Alcohol consumption during this developmental period Free Essays

Alcohol is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide, and when used excessively it has deleterious effects on almost every organ system.   Many people begin to drink alcohol during adolescence and young adulthood. Alcohol consumption during this developmental period may have profound effects on brain structure and function. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcohol consumption during this developmental period or any similar topic only for you Order Now Heavy drinking has been shown to affects on brain structure and function. Heavy drinking has been shown to affect the neuropsychological performance of young people and may impair the growth and integrity of certain brain structures. Furthermore, alcohol consumption during adolescence may alter measures of brain functioning, such as blood flow in certain brain regions and electrical brain activities. Not all adolescence and young adults are equally sensitive to the effects of alcohol consumption, however. Moderating factors-such as family history of alcohol and other drug use disorders, gender, age at onset of drinking, drinking patterns, use of other drugs, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders-may influence the extent to which alcohol consumption interferes with an adolescent’s normal brain development and functioning (Tapert, Calwell, Burke, 2004-2005). Emerging adulthood, the transitional period between high school and young adulthood, is marked by the formation of identity, the establishment of more mature interpersonal and intimate relationships, and the transition to new adult-type roles. It is also is a time of increased alcohol use and abuse, which can have long-term effects on both physical and psychological well-being and may have implications for the attainment of traditional adult roles. Gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, college, employment, peer and family influences, individual temperament, and attitudes about drinking all influence drinking behavior in this population. Attending college may represent a special risk to emerging adults, as increases in alcohol availability and acceptance of drinking on college campuses may lead to increases in heavy drinking among students. The non student population of emerging adults also is an important target for preventive interventions, especially because people in this segment of the population may be less likely to mature out of heavy drinking patterns established during adolescence, thus, the transition from high school to young adulthood appears to be an ideal developmental turning point during which to target interventions. Arnett (2000) referred to the transitional period from high school to young adulthood as â€Å"emerging adulthood.† This stage of life is defined as the period from the end of secondary school through the attainment of adult status (Arnett 2005), covering approximately ages 18 to 25, although it can extend longer. Emerging adulthood is marked by frequent change and exploration. It also is a period of increased alcohol use and abuse. The transition out of high school may be marked by increases in alcohol use and intoxication. Even men who drank heavily in high school may drink more and become intoxicated more often after high school. Drinking patterns during the senior year of high school generally are useful in predicting post-high school drinking behavior, although research results vary. Some studies have found a high degree of individual stability in problem drinking from the early twenties into adulthood, whereas others have not Most emerging adults will outgrow heavy drinking and related problems before adulthood, on their own and without treatment (Marlatt et al. 1998). Research consistently shows that most indexes of alcohol use, and especially heavy drinking, are higher among males than females (O’Malley and Johnston 2002). In addition, the gender disparity in heavy drinking increases between late adolescence (i.e., senior year of high school) and young adulthood. In contrast, the rates of alcohol problems among male and female college students tend to converge (Jackson et al. 2005), although men still report more problems in the public domain compared with women. Racial and ethnic differences in drinking and related problems have been documented in the literature. In general, White and Native American emerging adults drink more than African Americans and Asians, and drinking rates for Hispanics fall in the middle. In addition, in contrast to the peak in drinking among Whites around ages 19-22, heavy drinking among African Americans and Hispanic peaks later and persists longer into adulthood (Caetano and Kaskutas 1995). Some argue that the college campus environment itself encourages heavy drinking (Toomey and Wagenaar 2002). Alcohol use is present at most college social functions, and many students view college as a place to drink excessively. Students experience greater exposure to drinking and encounter higher levels of peer drinking and positive attitudes toward alcohol as they transition from high school to college. Alcohol is the drug of choice among adolescents in the United States. Slightly over 50% have tried alcohol as early as grade 8; by the end of high school, 80% have tried it and 50% are current drinkers. These statistics cause concern because adolescents are particularly susceptible to several of the negative consequences associated with drinking-motor vehicle crashes (Zador, Krawchuk Voas 2000), sexually transmitted diseases (Bailey et al. 1999), suicide, death and disability. Many observers believe that alcohol advertising contributes to the widespread social acceptability of drinking and thereby fosters both initial and continued use. Television advertising, which is banned in the United States for cigarettes but not for alcohol, is cited as a major source of alcohol advertising available to young people. Large numbers of American youth are exposed to television advertisements for alcohol, particularly beer (Grube Wallack 1994). Young people typically see these advertisements on sports and certain late night programs popular with youth (Madden Grube 1994). Youth exposure to advertising in additional venues, as well as through other promotional activities, is also substantial (Taylor 1990). In the United States, most young people are exposed to alcohol advertising in such common locations as supermarkets and corner stores; many also see alcohol advertising in magazines and at concerts and sports events. One study found no relationship between advertising and actual drinking behavior (Wyllie, Zhang Casswell 1998), while others have suggested a positive relationship between advertising exposures (Grube Wallack 1994) or positive responses to alcohol advertisements (Wyllie, Zhang Casswell 1998) and intentions as an adult. In addition, intentions to drink as an adult tap the child’s expectations of engaging in an activity that is normative and legal for adults; they are far removed from the child’s actual drinking behavior or expectation of drinking while under age. How to cite Alcohol consumption during this developmental period, Papers

Construction Management Economic Growth of Country

Question: Describe about the Construction Management for Economic Growth of Country. Answer: Literature Review: Construction management Construction industry is one of the largest sector in the world. It contributes immensely in the economic growth of the country. Construction industry assist in recruiting a large number of labour and creates employment opportunity. The projects yield immense return on investment and profitability. However the sector is not free from risk and challenges. Working at construction is not free from limitations. Materials and construction waste impact on environment well-being and accelerate pollution level. In this regard sustainability or adopting responsible measures in construction work has gained importance. Persson (2009), discussed that sustainability in construction is a vast as well as complex area which should be focussed for improving environment management and ensure well-being of people. Consumption of recourses in an ethical manner leaves a significant impact on environment. Sustainability in construction is an important step, it is considered for managing the waste produced on demolition activity, emissions from vehicles, machineries, noise pollution at the construction site that is produced by heavy vehicles and construction machineries and releases of wastes and pollutants into water, ground and atmosphere (Alsaadi and Acar, 2016). Sustainable approaches in construction project Construction industry is challenging than any other industry according to Delnavaz (2012), every project is unique and involve high risk in management of the project. Hence adopting sustainable or ethical approaches is of immense importance in building development work. Sustainability is strictly about improving the quality of human life while managing the waste and construction material in a planned manner. Since construction domain consume a large amount of material it is the responsibility of the company to ensure that the sustainability of the society is managed in a proper way. Green building development is an important step in the sustainable construction work. It has been studied that green building uses around 36% less energy in comparison to the conventional buildings and also cause low Co2 emission. Constructing green building as discussed by Heravi (2014), is a responsible step under sustainable measure in construction domain. Green building concepts could be hence applied to new projects and efficient buildings should be developed. The benefits of green building practices include a lower as well as efficient use of energy, water and other natural resources. These buildings further ensure improved health and safety standards for the residents, as well as this construction technology reduces environmental impact, through implementation of less waste-production and environment pollution. Risk and challenge management in construction domain: Sustainable building is often identified as those buildings that contribute in sustainable development. Success of a construction project largely depends on ways in which project is managed and risks are eliminated from the project work. Risk management is an important step in the construction project which help in elimination of challenges from the project work. Project requires control and risk identification approaches so that it is equipped to handle and manage issues in a systematic manner (Persson, 2009). Companies adopt key policies and procedure to manage risk in a defined manner. Under risk management the key focus is given on risk identification process. Risk identification and evaluation help in preparing the team for handling problems as and when required. There could be different types of problems that could impact on the construction work, while some disaster could be man-made others could be natural. Hence adopting risk management approaches help in identifying the iss ues at an early stage and controlling thus become easier (Euripides, 2008). It is evident from the empirical research work that there are various facets of a construction project and this should be addressed in a planned manner. The survey on construction management and importance of documentation and data management has evolved as an integral part of construction project. A successful project management is possible only after apt coordination of human and material resources within the project (Ylln, 2012). Disaster often lead to huge loss at the construction site. Natural and man-made disaster could be controlled by implementing disaster management approaches coupled with risk strategies. Reference 1: Rountos A. Euripides (2008), Troubled Projects in Constructions Due to Inadequate Risk Management The research work explores the reason behind the failure of construction projects due to inadequate risk management and also suggests effective ways of recovery. Lack of risk analysis has caused havoc at the building construction work sites. Some of the key problems that has studied here as a result of ignoring risk management are increased production cost, reduction of profit, damage brand image and even insolvency. This article has also established the fact that in the coming years implementation of risk management approach will help in ensuring ways in which the construction project will succeed. It has been underpinned during the course of the research that failure of implementing risk management strategies could lead to delay in project work, increase in overhead cost and market change. Reference 2: Yimam, A. (2011). PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Department of Civil Environmental Engineering. The journal studies ways in which project management has improved over the years in the construction industry of developing countries in the world. Within the course of exploring the maturity of PM the researcher has identified two main gaps that exist within the maturity model and then addresses ways of overcoming such gaps to improve building construction activity. It has been realised that the management of construction project demands special expertise and knowledge as it is different from general projects. After presenting an overview of construction project work in the economically emerging countries the analyst has culminated the discussion in an interesting manner. Reference 3 Heravi, A. (2014). Improving Construction Management: An Investigation Into The Influences Of Effective Stakeholder Involvement On Project Quality Outcomes. Improving Construction Management: An Investigation into the Influences of Effective Stakeholder Involvement on Project Quality Outcomes. The research work argues that several since quality is an integral aspect of business management, construction firms have adopted quality evaluation and improvement methods over the past few years. Engineers have specifically focussed on implementing quality management in construction projects. While the large firms successfully implemented the improvement management system, the general companies faced challenges while incorporating quality management system. The research further shed a light on role of stakeholder and stakeholder influence on construction project management work. Thus the study has addressed several key issues like the present level of stakeholder involvement in the planning process of the project ad also explored how far the stakeholder involvement assisted in managing and improving quality issue of the construction project. Reference 4: Ylln, M. (2012). Agile project management in the construction industry - An inquiry of the opportunities in construction projects. Real Estate and Construction Management. The respective research project underpinned ways in which the project management approaches within the construction industry have changed significantly in the past few years. The researcher has introduced a new dimension in the study by referring to technological innovation and involvement in the construction industry. It is here it has been discussed that agile project management evolved from the software industry and the approach assists in managing large complex projects where products are difficult to estimate at the nascent stage. The researcher has largely emphasised on underpinning positive effect of implementing agile approaches in the construction projects. Reference 5: Sapuay, S. (2016). Construction Waste Potentials and Constraints. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, pp.714-722. The journal discussed that construction industry generates waste and unusual materials that pollute the environment. Contractors should be held responsible for maintaining a sanitary work environment and also focus on adopting aft measure for waste disposal. Adoption of apt approaches would help in incorporating approaches to reuse and recycle the waste to use in the development project. Hence waste management is an important area which should be specifically managed by the construction team so that the discarded materials does not pollute the environment and impact on the nature in a negative way. Reference 6: Alsaadi, O. and Acar, E. (2016). Using Construction Project Management Knowhow for Disaster Recovery Projects - A Synthesis of Literature. This journal explores the issue from a unique perspective, here the researcher has investigated on an unexpected problem which may suddenly impact and cause havoc. Natural or man-made disasters have the potential of causing loss of lives, damage and property loss. Builders often suffer from havoc loss if remained unprepared and unplanned. Hence the investigation on disaster management issues in connection to the construction industry here specifically conveys various ways in which the natural calamity could impact on project and management and highlights how the team should manage such disasters. Reference 7: Kozlovska, M., Mackova, D. and Spisakova, M. (2016). Survey of Construction Management Documentation Usage in Planning and Construction of Building Project. Procedia Engineering, 161, pp.711-715. The respective journal emphasises on the issue that combination of both human and material resources leads to project success. Construction process is complicated and hence every project needs to be handled carefully so that it is executed in a significant manner. It further emphasises on importance of planning and management in the construction process and discussed that documentation is an integral aspect of construction work as apt data management help in smooth work execution. It can be further understood from the journal that construction companies have focussed their attention in the apt project management through material handling. Reference 8: Jayasudha, K., Vidivelli, D. and Surjith, E. (2014). Risk Assessment and Management in Construction Projects. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 5(8). This journal has depicted that the construction of projects like bridge development is steeped in uncertainties. Uncertainty and challenges are common in construction work. Thus the site should be managed properly. Risk management is a unique approach that could help in analysing project risk. The journal also discussed ways of eliminating risk or reducing impact of risk and increase level of control. There are different types of risk which could impact on construction work. However, adaptation of effective measures help in eliminating risk and challenges from a project work. The researcher has also discussed advantages and disadvantages of risk management. Reference 9: Persson, U. (2009). Management of sustainability in construction works. Division of Construction Management. From the research work it can be cited that sustainability is an integral aspect of construction project and engineers should include ethical as well as sustainable measures to reduce negative impact on the natural environment. The journal has successfully discussed sustainability in construction work, corporate sustainability and knowledge transfer. Sustainability measures help in reducing environment impact and protection of natural environment is of key importance. Sustainability in construction management aim at reducing negative impact on nature and decrease emission of Co2 and green house impact. Reference 10: Delnavaz, M. (2012). Project Managers Role in Sustainable Building Process. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. The discussion begins with focussing on green movement and how it has impacted on construction and building management work. The article has further determined the importance of developing green building to protect environment and adopt sustainable measures in a strategic way. In the light of this investigation the paper has also pointed out that sustainable building development is expensive and operational cost increases steeply. While the national economy could benefit from reducing emission and incorporate use of natural resources by sustainable buildings. References Alsaadi, O. and Acar, E. (2016). Using Construction Project Management Knowhow for Disaster Recovery Projects - A Synthesis of Literature. Delnavaz, M. (2012). Project Managers Role in Sustainable Building Process.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Euripides, R. (2008). Troubled Projects In Constructions Due To Inadequate Risk Management.Project Management Program. Heravi, A. (2014). Improving Construction Management: An Investigation Into The Influences Of Effective Stakeholder Involvement On Project Quality Outcomes.Improving Construction Management: An Investigation into the Influences of Effective Stakeholder Involvement on Project Quality Outcomes. Jayasudha, K., Vidivelli, D. and Surjith, E. (2014). Risk Assessment and Management in Construction Projects.International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 5(8). Kozlovska, M., Mackova, D. and Spisakova, M. (2016). Survey of Construction Management Documentation Usage in Planning and Construction of Building Project.Procedia Engineering, 161, pp.711-715. Persson, U. (2009). Management of sustainability in construction works.Division of Construction Management. Sapuay, S. (2016). Construction Waste Potentials and Constraints.Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, pp.714-722. Yimam, A. (2011). Project Management Maturity In The Construction Industry Of Developing Countries.Department of Civil Environmental. Ylln, M. (2012). Agile project management in the construction industry - An inquiry of the opportunities in construction projects.Real Estate and Construction Management.

Taylor Poe Essay Example For Students

Taylor Poe Essay The artist formally known as the Perfectionist had a very good year going for him. He won the 2001 Brawl for it All to become number one contender for Archadias EWF Title, but the merger of EWF and USW canceled any chances he had of winning that. Was thought to be the odds on favorite to win the Owen Hart Memorial Tournament, but no showed, thus throwing his chance at the Title out the window. Eventually did debut in the UWA and gained a title shot at Champion Matt Mitchell, but was abducted by the United States Navy and was shipped off to Afghanistan before he got his shot. He now resides there and tries to and kill Osama Bin Laden. We here at the United Wrestling Alliance wish him the best of luck. We will write a custom essay on Taylor Poe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The artist formally known as the Perfectionist had a very good year going for him. He won the 2001 Brawl for it All to become number one contender for Archadias EWF Title, but the merger of EWF and USW canceled any chances he had of winning that. Was thought to be the odds on favorite to win the Owen Hart Memorial Tournament, but no showed, thus throwing his chance at the Title out the window. Eventually did debut in the UWA and gained a title shot at Champion Matt Mitchell, but was abducted by the United States Navy and was shipped off to Afghanistan before he got his shot. He now resides there and tries to and kill Osama Bin Laden. We here at the United Wrestling Alliance wish him the best of luck. The artist formally known as the Perfectionist had a very good year going for him. He won the 2001 Brawl for it All to become number one contender for Archadias EWF Title, but the merger of EWF and USW canceled any chances he had of winning that. Was thought to be the odds on favorite to win the Owen Hart Memorial Tournament, but no showed, thus throwing his chance at the Title out the window. Eventually did debut in the UWA and gained a title shot at Champion Matt Mitchell, but was abducted by the United States Navy and was shipped off to Afghanistan before he got his shot. He now resides there and tries to and kill Osama Bin Laden. We here at the United Wrestling Alliance wish him the best of luck.

Domestic Pig Facts

Domestic Pig Facts The 600 breeds of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) on our planet today are descended from the wild boar, Sus scrofa, a process that occurred at least twice in different places between 9,000–10,000 years ago. Domesticated pigs are bred for human consumption. Pork and pork products make up the largest percentage of meat and poultry consumed in the world, representing over 40% of the worlds meat and poultry eaten in 2017.   Fast Facts: Domestic Pig Scientific Name: Sus scrofa domesticaCommon Name: Pig, hog, swineBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 7–8 feet long, 3.7–4.7 feet highWeight: 600–1,000 pounds or moreLifespan: 6 to 10 years  Diet:  OmnivoreHabitat: Pastures, farms, and commercial buildings on all continents except AntarcticaPopulation: Estimated at two billion (nearly 1 billion are slaughtered each year)Conservation Status: Sus scrofa domestica has not been evaluated by the IUCN. Description There are over 600 different breeds of domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) extant in the world. The top five most recorded in North America are American Yorkshire, Duroc, Berkshire, Hampshire, and Landrace. The most commonly produced is the American Yorkshire, a version of the English Large White pig, developed in 1761 and first imported to the U.S. in 1830.   Yorkshires are white in color and quite muscular, with a high proportion of lean meat and low back fat. Its body is covered in fine hair, and they have long snouts and erect ears. Depending on the breed, adult pigs range from seven to eight feet in length and weigh between 600 and 1,000 pounds. There are many smaller pig breeds as well.   All domestic pigs belong to the family Suidae, order Artiodactyla, kingdom Animalia, class Mammalia, phylum Chordata.   Yorkshire pigs on an organic farm. Agnormark / iStock / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Domestic pigs are found on all continents of the world, excepting Antarctica. As of 2010, the largest producers of pigs include China (about 500 million each year), US (64 million), Brazil (40 million), Germany (27 million), Vietnam (27 million), and Spain (25 million). Pigs are kept in pens, in facilities, and in open farm fields and forests, and the farms range in size from facilities with tens of thousands of animals to subsistence farms of one or two. Diet and Behavior   Pigs are omnivores and they will eat anything, meat and plants both. The digestive system of pigs is such that it can also consume bulky foods with high levels of roughage. If kept in a well-fenced field they will eat all of the plants and grass, digging into the ground to consume the roots as well. Farmers put a ring into a pigs nose to keep it from digging up the plant roots.   Domestic pigs cannot be raised solely on pastures. Their diets need to be supplemented with vegetables, corn, or other crops, and they can be fed table scraps. A permanent pasture to keep pigs is one that stays planted to grass or legumes such alfalfa and clover, and/or perennial grasses such as orchard grass, timothy, and bromegrass.   Pigs grow well on large, open-air concrete platforms, in pens with a partial-solid floor area for resting and feeding and another area with a slatted floor so manure drops through and keeps the pen clean, or on pastures supplemented with grains. They require plenty of clean water every day. Pigs are gregarious and can be quite social: but males can be aggressive and farmers typically castrate them at an early age.   Free range pigs grazing in an organic ecological farm. RonyZmiri / iStock / Getty Images Plus Reproduction and Offspring Pigs have male and female sexes, and in most modern facilities, reproduction is controlled at all steps, inducing heat in females, artificial insemination, and weaning. Most breeds of pig reach puberty (come into heat) at 5 months, but sources recommend that females not be bred until 6 months of age.   Non-pregnant sows naturally come into heat every 21 days throughout the year, and the heat lasts between 8 and 36 hours. During that period, impregnation occurs either artificially, or by the farmer introducing a boar. Once impregnated, sows give birth after three months, three weeks and three days. Sows make a nest within 24 hours before giving birth, and farrowing usually lasts between 2 to 3 hours. Healthy sows give birth to between 10 and 13 piglets twice a year. Without coaxing, piglets immediately search for an available teat on their mother, starting to feed within an hour of their birth.  They subsist on mothers milk alone for 2–3 weeks, then begin taking solid food. They can continue to take some milk until about 7 weeks, but farmers can wean them as early as 4 weeks. Males pigs are typically castrated at 2–3 weeks of age. Curious pigs in Pig Breeding farm in swine business in tidy and clean indoor housing farm with pig mother feeding piglet. Chayakorn Lotongkum / iStock / Getty Images Plus Conservation Status In 2007, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) listed over 742 specific breeds of domestic pig in the world. Of those, 137 were listed as extinct and 130 were listed as endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) does not list Sus scrofa domestica at all but does include nine other (non-domesticated) Sus species in the listings as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Extinct (Indo-Chinese warty pig).  Ã‚   Sources Breeds of Livestock- Yorkshire Swine. Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University.  Chapter 4: The Pig. A Manual for the Primary Animal Health Care Worker. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.  Ã‚  Global Distribution of Pigs in 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Hasheider, Philip E. How to Raise Pigs: Everything You Need to Know. Voyageur Press, 2014.Frantz, Laurent, et al. The Evolution of Suidae. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 4.1 (2016): 61–85. Print.Gilbert, Marius, et al. Global Pigs Distribution in 2010 (5 Minutes of Arc). Harvard Dataverse, 2018. Kittawornrat, Apisit, and Jeffrey J. Zimmerman. Toward a Better Understanding of Pig Behavior and Pig Welfare. Animal Health Research Reviews 12.1 (2011): 25–32. Print.Major Swine Breeds. Pork Checkoff.Pukite, John. A Field Guide to Pigs. Globe Pequot Press, 1999.

Railroad Network after the Civil War Assignment

Railroad Network after the Civil War - Assignment Example This essay stresses that the major cause of the Great Migration was the Emancipation Proclamation. It freed the African American society from slavery and allowed for their social rights and freedom as outlined in the U.S constitution. Secondly some of the population moved as a result of pressure from Anti-abolitionist who refused to end the slave trade such as South Carolina, Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia and Florida. There witnessed increased cases of segregation in these states and widespread violence against the blacks. This paper makes a conclusion that the Korean War was directly responsible for speeding up the militarization of the Cold war. It gave the conflict a massive military dimension and emphasis. Major countries embraced the militarization process with a distinct possibility of a major attack from either side of the two blocks. The U.S entered into a significant rearmament and moved five divisions to Western Europe and urged the rest of the NATO alliance to follow suit. Sara Palin an Alaskan Governor chosen to be nominated for the running mate by the then presidential hopeful John Mc Cain of the Republican Party. During the end of the campaigns, many women changed their perception towards Palin and her ratings dropped significantly. Palin was a fascinating and bold choice for the republicans. However, it is undeniably that she had an unusually minimal success in fulfilling her obligation to assist clinched the presidency for the republican ticket.

Institutions should perform affirmative action Research Paper

Institutions should perform affirmative action - Research Paper Example Before I get you to believe in affirmative action, it is very prudent to look at the historical background of the term â€Å"Affirmative Action†, I think by that, we will get to appreciate the initiator of the word, and then emulate the sense of humanity, which drove them into coming up with the word or rather a phrase, this word was used first in United States and was signed by President John  F Kennedy, he used it to promote activities that promoted non- discrimination, in conjunction to this, president Lyndon B. Johnson emulated the same by encouraging his human resource managers to hire workers indiscriminate of their race, national origin or religion. So who are we to defy the activities of this most important people and after all, would you like it, if you get disqualified from a job/ or attending an interview/ or even attending a learning institution just because of your color, or race, or origin, I guess no rational human being would buy the idea, well! But why, it is mainly because we do not admire to be discriminated.  So why am I insisting on introduction of this practice in learning institution? Well, I might say that a part from promoting equal opportunity amongst students, it brings about national development, you will concur with me that, some things would not have happened, if certain people could have been denied the chance and opportunity, because of either their origin or race, Take an example, if Americans could have been against Affirmative actions, then who knows, do you think, Mr. Obama could have been the president? Most likely he would not have, but the Americans gave Obama equal chance to study with other Americans in the same schools, same university, despite the fact that he was An Afro-American tracing his origin, to an African country Kenya, where his father was born. No one would be as adamant as to deny the fact that this was a national development. Or would we

Humanaties 320 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanaties 320 - Essay Example Bureaucracy became helpful for many companies, but in the competitive global market of the 1990s organizations started throwing away the organizational chart and replacing it with patterns of teams and projects with the idea of unleashed employee creativity. The systems approach to management views the organization as a unified, purposeful system composed of interrelated parts. Much of what we have built in terms of modern management grew from ancient theory in one form or another. Nevertheless, we do not really need to know what happened yesterday to function today. Still, it helps. It helps to know how things were and how people acted in order to emulate what they did right, eliminate what they did wrong, and improve upon what they could have done better. By studying the past, we gain insight into today and inspiration for the future. Even though, it is not necessary for daily function it is an indispensible enhancement. The first third of the 20th century featured two separate managerial approaches. The scientific management approach of Taylor, Gilbreth and the other engineers and that of the behavioral scientist led by Munsterberg, Maslow, and Mayo. They each differ from one another. Scientific management relies upon managers to make decisions. It tries to develop a best, standard method for performing each job. It selects workers with appropriate abilities and trains them according to the standard method developed. It seeks to help workers by planning work, eliminating interruptions, and providing wage incentives. The behavioral management addressed the human dimension of work. Behavioral theorists believed understanding motivation, conflict, expectations, and group dynamics improved productivity. They viewed employees as individual resources and assets to be developed. It was possible for both concepts to be applied to the same company at the same time. Organizations were not limited to

The Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Hollywood

The Portrayal Of Homosexuals In Hollywood Since the 1960s, Hollywood film industry has typically treated and portrayed homosexuals as subject of negative stereotypes and social pariahs. Queer identities might be the most extreme sexual dynamic at work in mass culture and reception and the least respected. Gay representations in the media have been considered to be an immoral code and as homosexuality was introduced into popular culture, the gay and lesbian community was oppressed from the start. Later film and television attempted to create well-rounded homosexual characters but often continued to reinstate negative social conventions with great attention in depicting gay stereotypes and how they shaped the publics impression of the gay community. Historically, heterosexuality has been seen as a crucial factor in defining masculinity and homosexuals have been perceived as lacking masculinity and in a sense feminine. Western patriarchal culture and system sees a simple interpretation of gay men and homosexual identities are oppressed within structures of domination and privileged. On the field of queer theory, the use of queer images, references and representations by mass media has not been seen in a positive light. Queerness popularity in advertising is not considered politically significant but instead commercialized. Queer politics expects that queers should be shocking and radical while being subversive. In reality, commercialized queer aesthetics makes it a mass media commodity, in which processed queerness loses its radical edge. As discussed in lecture, Adorno under the Grand Narratives of Modernity aptly states, Humans are not individuals or subjects, but rather commodities, objects and products of consumption with no unique characteristics so that they are easily and readily replaceable (Queerying Modern Law Lecture 2011). Mass media audience are all considered heterosexual, and mass me dias no matter how commercialized cannot shock, disturb or upset its paying hetero audience too much. Queer images in mass media are usually domesticated to ensure conservatism since being queer represented sexual glamour and exoticism. Images of queer identities in the media have nothing to do with equality between genders and sexualities (Mistry, 2000). The actual processes of commercializing and aestheticizing queer are in fact capitalistic utilization that colonizes queer identities. It makes use of the otherness of gay people which only to maintain heterosexual hegemony (Roseneil 2000: 154). As part of a social and mass culture revolutionary movement, the television series Queer as Folk (North American Version) portrays masculinity in a noticeably progressive way; due to the overtly sexual nature of the show and the fact that all of the characters are homosexuals. Queer as Folk, in many ways, attempts to broaden the category of normative masculinity to include gay men. All the while, the series flaunts and celebrates a non-normative and hegemonic masculinity most notable through the actions and characteristics of main character- Brian Kinney-a successful and good-looking 29-year-old with extreme arrogance, narcissism and sexual promiscuity. The series when viewed closer, subconsciously relates to queer identity, politics, masculinity and acceptance. Queer as Folk significantly function as the relation between queer politics and queer aesthetics. Queer as Folk (North American Version) is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and follows the lives of five gay men: Brian, Justin, Michael, Emmett, Ted; a lesbian couple, Lindsay and Melanie; and Michaels mother Debbie. The show is based off a British Series by the same name written by Russell T. Davies, a homosexual who wanted to fill the void within the British media of homosexual characters. It deals with issues that define queer politics and identities: coming out, same-sex marriage, gay adoption, discrimination in the workplace based on sexual orientation, recreational drug use and abuse, artificial insemination, vigilantism, gay-bashing/violence, HIV-positive status, underage prostitution, actively gay Catholic priests, the internet pornography industry. The main characters are Brian, Justin and Michael, three male homosexuals who spend their time in the pubs and clubs of Pittsburghs Liberty Ave. The protagonists personify changes and new gayness- a modern phenomena in cultural re presentations of homosexuality as compared to their predecessors. In a world of almost compulsory heterosexuality, [gay men and lesbians] reality [are rendered] equally marginal and invisible (Robson 1998: 6). Postmodernism question the earlier approaches, through defined discourses of homosexuality. In comparing the representations of degenerated gay guys with pre 1990s identity problems, these modern gay men have become out and proud heroes who praised the culture despite being reset from social marginality. Hegemonic masculinity is a widely used concept that refers to masculinity that holds the power in the society (Sipilà ¤ 1994: 19). In Western societies, hegemonic masculinity associates white, middle-class, and heterosexual masculinity to power and influence. According to Connell, hegemonic masculinity is not a fixed character type, always and everywhere the same. It is, rather, the masculinity that occupies the hegemonic position in a given pattern of gender relations, a position always contestable (Connell, 1995a: 76). Masculinities that are not in the power position are subordinated or marginalized homosexuals. Oppression positions homosexual masculinities at the bottom of a gender hierarchy among men. Gayness, in patriarchal ideology, is the repository of whatever is symbolically expelled from hegemonic masculinity (Connell, 1995a: 78). Queer as Folk reveals, by exaggeration, excessive gay sex, cultural gay stereotypes, which traditionally reduce gayness to hyper sexuality and gender-bending. The show provocatively focuses on representing free time and sexuality of gay guys. It focuses heavily on their parties, alcohol, drugs, and multiple one-night stands, in which people are mainly seeking hedonistic sexual pleasure. It produces Butlerians idea of gender as performative in a way that embarrasses and confuses the viewers (Butler, 1993). The repetitive and explicit representations of sex acts become gender performance, in which the gender identities are actually represented by sex. Although the show produced queer aesthetics and making use of its fashionable appeal in today culture (Mistry 2000: 87) it is participating by watering down queers critical and political edge. All the while, it supports underlying queer political and provocative tasks. For example the show focus primarily on proud, healthy and wealthy, good looking and lively gays and lesbians that contradict traditional images of gay and lesbian representations usually represented as melancholic, deviant, deg enerated, sickly, and dying men and women (Lahti 1989 and Paasonen, 1999: 40). On the other hand it also declares gay rights and, more subtly, queer politics. As seen in a poster that states, Smash the Heterosexual Orthodoxy, and especially in Brians behavior. Brian clearly is a politically aware and hetero norms resisting person, usually responsible for explicitly constructing his own queer identity. For example, a sequence where Brian, a gay man, and Melanie, a lesbian woman, walk together with their baby (in doing so they are rebelling and falsely representing a nuclear family indicating the illusiveness of such representations) and kiss goodbye before Brian goes alone to a car dealership. The salesman in the store watches through a window of the family performance and with no question believes what he sees is a normal, productive, heterosexual family. Based on this the salesman tries to convince Brian that he should buy some other car than the one he has already chosen, because lots of gay guys drive that car, and it doesnt really fit into an image of a family guy, and a real man. He then adds that the resale value of those particular cars is high, because gay guys die young. Brian is aggressively and clearly annoyed of the remark and maliciously drives the car through the car stores window right in front of the upset salesmans desk when it was time to pay for the car. Word Cited Butler, Judith. (1993). Bodies That Matter. On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York: Routledge. Connell, R.W. 1995a. The Social Organization of Masculinity. In Connell, R.W. Masculinities, 67-86. Cambridge: Polity Press. Lahti, Martti. (1992) Partial and excessively masculinity and the mans body. Womens Studies. 5:2. Mistry, Reena. (2000). From Heart and Home to a Queer Chic. A Critical Analysis of Progressive Paasonen, Susanna. (1999) Now! And forever rewind . Weddings media spectacle. Contemporary Culture Research publication 61. Robson, Ruthann. (1998). Sappho goes to law school: Fragments in Lesbian Legal Theory. Columbia University Press. Roseneil, Sasha. (2000). Postmodern changes in sexuality: Queer framework and its influences 2: 2000. Sipilà ¤, J. (1994). Mens Studies Cracks in Hegemonic Masculinity. In Sipilà ¤, J. A. Tiihonen (eds.). Constructing Man, Deconstructing Masculinities. 17-33. Tampere: Vastapaino.

The Labor Unions Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Labor Unions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Unions have become commonplace in the labor arena. They provide employees with a valuable tool that allows them to stand together against their employer to make sure that their rights are upheld in the workplace. This paper will focus on labor unions with regards to how they work in two very different companies, Ford Motor Company and United Airlines. Also, a brief history will be outlined as well as legislation regarding unions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many unions are at battle with their respected employers. Some of these fights are better known than other fights. United Airlines is trying to renegotiate contracts to save their company money. This has been a long battle for United, that some may see as having begun with the events of September 11, 2001. In truth, the International Association of Machinists, the union that represents a majority of United employees and United have been locked in a heated battle for some time now, even before the events of that September.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By contrast, Ford Motor Company has had very little trouble recently with the union that represents the majority of their employees. The UAW has not gone on strike at Ford since 1976. The last time that Ford-UAW relationship even made the news was in 1999, when the UAW was negotiating their new contract. Comparatively speaking, the two companies could not be further apart when it comes to working with their respective unions. History Although some people trace the beginning of labor unions in the United States to the very beginning, when guilds men got off the Mayflower at Plymouth Rock, the beginning of the modern labor movement began in 1886. That is the year when Samuel Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor. The statement of the founders of the AFL reads in part: The various trades have been affected by the introduction of machinery, the subdivision of labor, the use of women's and children's labor and the lack of an apprentice system-so that the skilled trades were rapidly sinking to the level of pauper labor. To protect the skilled labor of America from being reduced to beggary and to sustain the standard of American workmanship and skill, the trades unions of America have been established. (AFL-CIO, 2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first major union strike in this country was the P... ...8/2004 at http://money.cnn.com/2002/11/18/news/companies/ual/ Commission for Labor Cooperation (2002) â€Å" United States Labor Law.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at http://www.naalc.org/english/publications/labormain.htm Encyclopedia Britannica, Online Edition (2002) â€Å"Labor History: United States.† viewed   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  online at http://www.britannica.com International Assocaition of Machinists (2002) â€Å"Union Member ights and Officer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Responsibilities Under the LMRDA.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.goiam.org/memberadvantages.asp?c=884 U.S. Department of Labor (2002) â€Å"The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Act.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.doleta.gov/programs/factsht/warn.htm U.S. Department of Labor: Occupational Health and Safety Administration (2002)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"OSHA’s Mission.† Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.osha.gov/oshinfo/mission.html. United Autoworkers of America (2002) Viewed online on 11/18/2004 at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.UAW.org